非常教程

Ruby 2.4参考手册

Fiddle

Fiddle::Pointer

Parent:Object

Fiddle :: Pointer是一个处理C指针的类

公共类方法

Fiddle::Pointerval → cptr Show source

to_ptr(val) → cptr

获取ruby对象val的底层指针并将其作为Fiddle :: Pointer对象返回。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_s_to_ptr(VALUE self, VALUE val)
{
    VALUE ptr, wrap = val, vptr;

    if (RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cIO))){
        rb_io_t *fptr;
        FILE *fp;
        GetOpenFile(val, fptr);
        fp = rb_io_stdio_file(fptr);
        ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr_new(fp, 0, NULL);
    }
    else if (RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cString))){
        char *str = StringValuePtr(val);
        ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr_new(str, RSTRING_LEN(val), NULL);
    }
    else if ((vptr = rb_check_funcall(val, id_to_ptr, 0, 0)) != Qundef){
        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(vptr, rb_cPointer)){
            ptr = vptr;
            wrap = 0;
        }
        else{
            rb_raise(rb_eFiddleError, "to_ptr should return a Fiddle::Pointer object");
        }
    }
    else{
        VALUE num = rb_Integer(val);
        if (num == val) wrap = 0;
        ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr_new(NUM2PTR(num), 0, NULL);
    }
    OBJ_INFECT(ptr, val);
    if (wrap) RPTR_DATA(ptr)->wrap[0] = wrap;
    return ptr;
}

Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(size, freefunc = nil) → fiddle pointer instance Show source

分配大小的内存字节并将其与可选的freefunc相关联,当指针被垃圾回收时将被调用。

freefunc 必须是指向Fiddle :: Function的函数或实例的地址

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_s_malloc(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE klass)
{
    VALUE size, sym, obj, wrap = 0;
    long s;
    freefunc_t f;

    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &size, &sym)) {
      case 1:
        s = NUM2LONG(size);
        f = NULL;
        break;
      case 2:
        s = NUM2LONG(size);
        f = get_freefunc(sym, &wrap);
        break;
      default:
        rb_bug("rb_fiddle_ptr_s_malloc");
    }

    obj = rb_fiddle_ptr_malloc(s,f);
    if (wrap) RPTR_DATA(obj)->wrap[1] = wrap;

    return obj;
}

Fiddle::Pointer.new(address) → fiddle_cptr Show source

new(address, size) → fiddle_cptr

new(address, size, freefunc) → fiddle_cptr

用一个可选的大小和freefunc创建一个新的地址指针。

freefunc 将在实例被垃圾收集时调用。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_initialize(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE self)
{
    VALUE ptr, sym, size, wrap = 0, funcwrap = 0;
    struct ptr_data *data;
    void *p = NULL;
    freefunc_t f = NULL;
    long s = 0;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &ptr, &size, &sym) >= 1) {
        VALUE addrnum = rb_Integer(ptr);
        if (addrnum != ptr) wrap = ptr;
        p = NUM2PTR(addrnum);
    }
    if (argc >= 2) {
        s = NUM2LONG(size);
    }
    if (argc >= 3) {
        f = get_freefunc(sym, &funcwrap);
    }

    if (p) {
        TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
        if (data->ptr && data->free) {
            /* Free previous memory. Use of inappropriate initialize may cause SEGV. */
            (*(data->free))(data->ptr);
        }
        data->wrap[0] = wrap;
        data->wrap[1] = funcwrap;
        data->ptr  = p;
        data->size = s;
        data->free = f;
    }

    return Qnil;
}

to_ptr(val) → cptr Show source

获取ruby对象的底层指针val并将其作为Fiddle :: Pointer对象返回。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_s_to_ptr(VALUE self, VALUE val)
{
    VALUE ptr, wrap = val, vptr;

    if (RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cIO))){
        rb_io_t *fptr;
        FILE *fp;
        GetOpenFile(val, fptr);
        fp = rb_io_stdio_file(fptr);
        ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr_new(fp, 0, NULL);
    }
    else if (RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cString))){
        char *str = StringValuePtr(val);
        ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr_new(str, RSTRING_LEN(val), NULL);
    }
    else if ((vptr = rb_check_funcall(val, id_to_ptr, 0, 0)) != Qundef){
        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(vptr, rb_cPointer)){
            ptr = vptr;
            wrap = 0;
        }
        else{
            rb_raise(rb_eFiddleError, "to_ptr should return a Fiddle::Pointer object");
        }
    }
    else{
        VALUE num = rb_Integer(val);
        if (num == val) wrap = 0;
        ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr_new(NUM2PTR(num), 0, NULL);
    }
    OBJ_INFECT(ptr, val);
    if (wrap) RPTR_DATA(ptr)->wrap[0] = wrap;
    return ptr;
}

公共实例方法

ptr + n → new cptr Show source

返回高级n字节的新指针实例。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_plus(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    void *ptr;
    long num, size;

    ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(self);
    size = RPTR_DATA(self)->size;
    num = NUM2LONG(other);
    return rb_fiddle_ptr_new((char *)ptr + num, size - num, 0);
}

ptr Show source

返回一个新的Fiddle :: Pointer实例,该实例是此指针的解引用指针。

类似于C中的星形运算符

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_ptr(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return rb_fiddle_ptr_new(*((void**)(data->ptr)),0,0);
}

ptr - n → new cptr Show source

返回已移回n字节的新指针实例。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_minus(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    void *ptr;
    long num, size;

    ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(self);
    size = RPTR_DATA(self)->size;
    num = NUM2LONG(other);
    return rb_fiddle_ptr_new((char *)ptr - num, size + num, 0);
}

ref Show source

返回一个新的Fiddle :: Pointer实例,该实例是此指针的引用指针。

类似于C中的&​​符号运算符

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_ref(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return rb_fiddle_ptr_new(&(data->ptr),0,0);
}

ptr <=> other → -1, 0, 1, or nil Show source

如果小于other则返回-1,如果等于则返回0,如果大于则返回1 。

如果ptr无法与other比较,则返回nil 。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    void *ptr1, *ptr2;
    SIGNED_VALUE diff;

    if(!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPointer)) return Qnil;

    ptr1 = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(self);
    ptr2 = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(other);
    diff = (SIGNED_VALUE)ptr1 - (SIGNED_VALUE)ptr2;
    if (!diff) return INT2FIX(0);
    return diff > 0 ? INT2NUM(1) : INT2NUM(-1);
}

ptr == other → true or false Show source

如果other包装相同的指针,则返回true,否则返回false。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_eql(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    void *ptr1, *ptr2;

    if(!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPointer)) return Qfalse;

    ptr1 = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(self);
    ptr2 = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(other);

    return ptr1 == ptr2 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

ptrindex → an_integer Show source

ptrstart, length → a_string

返回存储在索引处的整数。

如果开始 长度 给出,含有来自字节的串开始 长度将被返回。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_aref(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE self)
{
    VALUE arg0, arg1;
    VALUE retval = Qnil;
    size_t offset, len;
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    if (!data->ptr) rb_raise(rb_eFiddleError, "NULL pointer dereference");
    switch( rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &arg0, &arg1) ){
      case 1:
        offset = NUM2ULONG(arg0);
        retval = INT2NUM(*((char *)data->ptr + offset));
        break;
      case 2:
        offset = NUM2ULONG(arg0);
        len    = NUM2ULONG(arg1);
        retval = rb_tainted_str_new((char *)data->ptr + offset, len);
        break;
      default:
        rb_bug("rb_fiddle_ptr_aref()");
    }
    return retval;
}

ptrindex = int → int Show source

ptrstart, length = string or cptr or addr → string or dl_cptr or addr

将值index设置为int

或者,在开始处设置内存,直到字符串的内容,dl_cptr的内存或内存地址addr所指向的内存的长度。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_aset(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE self)
{
    VALUE arg0, arg1, arg2;
    VALUE retval = Qnil;
    size_t offset, len;
    void *mem;
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    if (!data->ptr) rb_raise(rb_eFiddleError, "NULL pointer dereference");
    switch( rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &arg0, &arg1, &arg2) ){
      case 2:
        offset = NUM2ULONG(arg0);
        ((char*)data->ptr)[offset] = NUM2UINT(arg1);
        retval = arg1;
        break;
      case 3:
        offset = NUM2ULONG(arg0);
        len    = NUM2ULONG(arg1);
        if (RB_TYPE_P(arg2, T_STRING)) {
            mem = StringValuePtr(arg2);
        }
        else if( rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg2, rb_cPointer) ){
            mem = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(arg2);
        }
        else{
            mem    = NUM2PTR(arg2);
        }
        memcpy((char *)data->ptr + offset, mem, len);
        retval = arg2;
        break;
      default:
        rb_bug("rb_fiddle_ptr_aset()");
    }
    return retval;
}

eql?(other) → true or false Show source

如果other包装相同的指针,则返回true,否则返回false。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_eql(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    void *ptr1, *ptr2;

    if(!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPointer)) return Qfalse;

    ptr1 = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(self);
    ptr2 = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(other);

    return ptr1 == ptr2 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

free → Fiddle::Function Show source

获得这个指针的free功能。

返回Fiddle :: Function的新实例。

请参阅Fiddle :: Function.new

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_free_get(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *pdata;
    VALUE address;
    VALUE arg_types;
    VALUE ret_type;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, pdata);

    if (!pdata->free)
        return Qnil;

    address = PTR2NUM(pdata->free);
    ret_type = INT2NUM(TYPE_VOID);
    arg_types = rb_ary_new();
    rb_ary_push(arg_types, INT2NUM(TYPE_VOIDP));

    return rb_fiddle_new_function(address, arg_types, ret_type);
}

free=(function) Show source

将此指针的free函数设置为给定的Fiddle :: Function中的function

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_free_set(VALUE self, VALUE val)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    data->free = get_freefunc(val, &data->wrap[1]);

    return Qnil;
}

inspect Show source

返回一个字符串,其格式为指针内部状态的易读表示。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_inspect(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return rb_sprintf("#<%"PRIsVALUE":%p ptr=%p size=%ld free=%p>",
                      RB_OBJ_CLASSNAME(self), data, data->ptr, data->size, data->free);
}

null? Show source

如果这是一个空指针,则返回true

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_null_p(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return data->ptr ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
}

ptr Show source

返回一个新的Fiddle :: Pointer实例,该实例是此指针的解引用指针。

类似于C中的星形运算符

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_ptr(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return rb_fiddle_ptr_new(*((void**)(data->ptr)),0,0);
}

ref Show source

返回一个新的Fiddle :: Pointer实例,该实例是此指针的引用指针。

类似于C中的&​​符号运算符

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_ref(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return rb_fiddle_ptr_new(&(data->ptr),0,0);
}

size Show source

获取这个指针的大小。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_size_get(VALUE self)
{
    return LONG2NUM(RPTR_DATA(self)->size);
}

size=(size) Show source

将此指针的大小设置为 size

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_size_set(VALUE self, VALUE size)
{
    RPTR_DATA(self)->size = NUM2LONG(size);
    return size;
}

to_i Show source

返回此指针的整数内存位置。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_to_i(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return PTR2NUM(data->ptr);
}

to_i Show source

返回此指针的整数内存位置。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_to_i(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return PTR2NUM(data->ptr);
}

to_s → string Show source

to_s(len) → string

以字符串形式返回指针内容。

当不使用参数调用时,此方法将返回内容,直到(遇到)第一个NULL字节。

当使用lenlen将返回一串字节。

请参阅#to_str

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_to_s(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;
    VALUE arg1, val;
    int len;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg1)) {
      case 0:
        val = rb_tainted_str_new2((char*)(data->ptr));
        break;
      case 1:
        len = NUM2INT(arg1);
        val = rb_tainted_str_new((char*)(data->ptr), len);
        break;
      default:
        rb_bug("rb_fiddle_ptr_to_s");
    }

    return val;
}

to_str → string Show source

to_str(len) → string

以字符串形式返回指针内容。

当不使用参数调用时,此方法将返回具有此指针大小长度的内容。

当使用lenlen将返回一串字节。

请参阅#to_s

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_to_str(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;
    VALUE arg1, val;
    int len;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg1)) {
      case 0:
        val = rb_tainted_str_new((char*)(data->ptr),data->size);
        break;
      case 1:
        len = NUM2INT(arg1);
        val = rb_tainted_str_new((char*)(data->ptr), len);
        break;
      default:
        rb_bug("rb_fiddle_ptr_to_str");
    }

    return val;
}

to_value Show source

将此指针转换为ruby对象。

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_to_value(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;
    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return (VALUE)(data->ptr);
}
Ruby 2.4

Ruby 是一种面向对象、命令式、函数式、动态的通用编程语言,是世界上最优美而巧妙的语言。

主页 https://www.ruby-lang.org/
源码 https://github.com/ruby/ruby
版本 2.4
发布版本 2.4.1

Ruby 2.4目录

1.缩略 | Abbrev
2.ARGF
3.数组 | Array
4.Base64
5.基本对象 | BasicObject
6.基准测试 | Benchmark
7.BigDecimal
8.绑定 | Binding
9.CGI
10.类 | Class
11.比较 | Comparable
12.负责 | Complex
13.计算续体 | Continuation
14.覆盖 | Coverage
15.CSV
16.日期 | Date
17.日期时间 | DateTime
18.DBM
19.代理 | Delegator
20.摘要 | Digest
21.Dir
22.DRb
23.编码 | Encoding
24.枚举 | Enumerable
25.枚举 | Enumerator
26.ENV
27.ERB
28.错误 | Errors
29.Etc
30.期望值 | Exception
31.错误类 | FalseClass
32.Fiber
33.Fiddle
34.文件 | File
35.文件实用程序 | FileUtils
36.查找 | Find
37.浮点 | Float
38.Forwardable
39.GC
40.GDBM
41.GetoptLong
42.Hash
43.Integer
44.IO
45.IPAddr
46.JSON
47.Kernel
48.语言 | 3Language
49.记录 | Logger
50.编排 | Marshal
51.MatchData
52.数学 | Math
53.矩阵 | Matrix
54.方法 | Method
55.模型 | Module
56.监控 | Monitor
57. 互斥 | Mutex
58.Net
59.Net::FTP
60.Net::HTTP
61.Net::IMAP
62.Net::SMTP
63.NilClass
64.数字 | Numeric
65.对象 | Object
66.ObjectSpace
67.Observable
68.Open3
69.OpenSSL
70.OpenStruct
71.OpenURI
72.OptionParser
73.路径名 | Pathname
74.完整输出 | PrettyPrint
75.Prime
76.Proc
77.过程 | Process
78.PStore
79.PTY
80.队列 | Queue
81.随机 | Random
82.范围 | Range
83.合理的 | Rational
84.Readline
85.Regexp
86.Resolv
87.Ripper
88.RubyVM
89.Scanf
90.SDBM
91.SecureRandom
92.Set
93.Shell
94.信号 | Signal
95.Singleton
96.套接字 | Socket
97.字符串 | String
98.StringIO
99.StringScanner
100.结构 | Struct